The lesser influence of the Roman state-legal institutions and the long-term preservation of tribal relations in the West Frank Kingdom predetermined the relative backwardness of the socio-political development of the East Frank Kingdom kingdom from its western neighbor. The main feature of the East Frankish kingdom was the fact that it actually consisted of five major tribal duchies: Saxony, Bavaria, Franconia, Schwabia and Thuringia (later Lorraine was added to them), which are relatively homogeneous in the tribal composition of semi-independent principalities. The territory of the state was relatively stable and tended to expand: in 870, the eastern part of Lorraine was annexed, including the Netherlands, Alsace and Lorraine itself, the seizure of lands inhabited by the Slavs along the Elbe began. Therefore, sometimes historians consider the years 843 to 962 to be the timeframe for the existence of the East-Frankish Kingdom. ![]() But the official title of kings remained “king of the eastern francs” until 962, when king Otto I took the title “Emperor of the Romans and Francs”. Namely, under the 919 year in the Salzburg annals it is written that ” Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria, was elected to rule the Kingdom of Germany “. Most often, the period of existence of the East Frankish kingdom is limited, on the one hand, to the Verdun Treaty of 843, and, on the other, to 919, when regnum teutonicorum (the German kingdom ) was first mentioned. The East Frankish Kingdom was the forerunner of the Holy Roman Empire and modern Germany. ![]() The Eastern Frankish Kingdom is a state created as a result of the Treaty of Verdun (843) of the Frankish Empire as the hereditary possession of Louis II of Germany and included the territory to east of the Rhine and north of the Alps.
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